Problemas
Biology Beil Opener #14 1.What is.sickle cell anemia? What type of mutation causes sickle cell? 2. Explain why human siblings differ in appearance from one another (include the term alleles) 3. What are the different types of mutations and explain how-genetic: mutations can lead to genetic variation.
Roztwór
Eduardo
professionell · Tutor durante 6 años
4.2
(275 Votos)
Respuesta
1. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the shape and function of red blood cells. It is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene.2. Human siblings differ in appearance due to the combination of genes they inherit from their parents. The term "alleles" refers to different versions of a gene.3. The different types of mutations include point mutations, insertions, deletions, frameshift mutations, duplications, inversions, and translocations. These mutations can lead to genetic variation by creating new alleles and altering the genetic makeup of an organism.
Explicación
## Step 1Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the shape and function of red blood cells. It is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which provides instructions for making part of the hemoglobin molecule. This mutation results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S, which distorts the shape of red blood cells into a sickle or crescent shape. These sickle-shaped cells can block blood flow and cause various complications.## Step 2Human siblings differ in appearance due to the combination of genes they inherit from their parents. Each parent contributes 50% of their genes to their offspring. The term "alleles" refers to different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. For example, a gene for eye color may have alleles that determine blue, green, or brown eyes. Since siblings receive a random mix of their parents' genes, they can have different combinations of alleles, leading to variations in their physical characteristics.## Step 3Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. There are several types of mutations, including: - **Point mutations**: Changes in a single nucleotide base pair. - **Insertions**: Addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. - **Deletions**: Removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs from a DNA sequence. - **Frameshift mutations**: Caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of a gene. - **Duplication**: Replication of a segment of DNA. - **Inversions**: Reversal of a segment of DNA. - **Translocations**: Movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another.These mutations can lead to genetic variation by creating new alleles and altering the genetic makeup of an organism. Some mutations may have no effect, while others can result in beneficial traits, diseases, or disorders.