The Italian Renaissance A new age called the Renaissance, meaning "rebirth "marked a great change in culture, politics, society, and economics In Italy, it began in the 1300s and reached its peak around 1500. Instead of focusing on religion, as in the Middle Ages the Renaissance explored the human experience At the same time there was a new emphasis on individual achievement. At the heart of the Renaisse nce was an intellectual movement called humanism. Renaissance humanists studied the classica cultures of Greece and Rome to try to better understand their own times. They emphasized the humanities- subjects such as rhetoric poetry, and history. Poet Francesco Petrarch was an early Renaissance humanist.He gathered a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts This opened the works of Cicero, Homer, and Virgil to Western Europeans. Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance for many reasons . It had been the center of the Roman empire:remains of that ancient culture were all around. Rome was also the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, an important patron of the arts. Furthermore, Italy's location encouraged trade with markets on the Mediterranean, in Africa, and in Europe. Trade provided the wealth that fueled the Renaissance. In Italy's city -states, powerful merchant families such as the Medici family of Florence, lent political and economic leader-ship and supported the arts. Renaissance art reflected humanism. Renaissance painters returned to the realism of classical times by developing improved ways to represent humans and landscapes. For example, the discovery of perspective allowed artists to create realistic art and to paint scenes that appeared three -dimensional. The greatest of the Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Some Italian writers wrote guidebooks to help ambitious people who wanted to rise in the Renaissance world. The most widely read of these was The Book of the Courtier, by Baldassare Castiglione. His ideal courtier was a well-educated well-mannered aristocrat who mastered many fields. Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a guide for rulers titled The Prince, on how to gain and maintain power. Review Questions How did the focus of study change between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

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The Italian Renaissance A new age called the Renaissance, meaning "rebirth "marked a great change in culture, politics, society, and economics In Italy, it began in the 1300s and reached its peak around 1500. Instead of focusing on religion, as in the Middle Ages the Renaissance explored the human experience At the same time there was a new emphasis on individual achievement. At the heart of the Renaisse nce was an intellectual movement called humanism. Renaissance humanists studied the classica cultures of Greece and Rome to try to better understand their own times. They emphasized the humanities- subjects such as rhetoric poetry, and history. Poet Francesco Petrarch was an early Renaissance humanist.He gathered a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts This opened the works of Cicero, Homer, and Virgil to Western Europeans. Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance for many reasons . It had been the center of the Roman empire:remains of that ancient culture were all around. Rome was also the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, an important patron of the arts. Furthermore, Italy's location encouraged trade with markets on the Mediterranean, in Africa, and in Europe. Trade provided the wealth that fueled the Renaissance. In Italy's city -states, powerful merchant families such as the Medici family of Florence, lent political and economic leader-ship and supported the arts. Renaissance art reflected humanism. Renaissance painters returned to the realism of classical times by developing improved ways to represent humans and landscapes. For example, the discovery of perspective allowed artists to create realistic art and to paint scenes that appeared three -dimensional. The greatest of the Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Some Italian writers wrote guidebooks to help ambitious people who wanted to rise in the Renaissance world. The most widely read of these was The Book of the Courtier, by Baldassare Castiglione. His ideal courtier was a well-educated well-mannered aristocrat who mastered many fields. Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a guide for rulers titled The Prince, on how to gain and maintain power. Review Questions How did the focus of study change between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

Answer 1

The focus of study changed from religion in the Middle Ages to human experience in the Renaissance.

Answer 2

## Step 1The question asks about the change in focus of study between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance were two distinct periods in European history, each with its own unique focus of study.## Step 2During the Middle Ages, the focus of study was primarily on religion. This was a time when the Church held significant power and influence, and religious studies were at the forefront of education.## Step 3In contrast, the Renaissance marked a shift in focus from religion to human experience. This period was characterized by a renewed interest in the classical cultures of Greece and Rome, and an emphasis on individual achievement.## Step 4The Renaissance humanists studied the classical cultures of Greece and Rome to better understand their own times. They emphasized the humanities, which included subjects such as rhetoric, poetry, and history.

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