1. What are valence electrons? Chemistry - Exam Study Guide 2. What is the valence electron status of the Noble gasses, Alkali metals Alkali earth metals and the Halogens in the Periodic table? 3. If given a chemical formula for a salt, be able to tell what the cations and anions are that make up the salt and how many of each are in a molecule. 4. What is electronegativity? Where are the most electronegative elements found in the Periodic Table? 5. What is meant by Ionic salt fertilizers?Be able to name four plant nutrients and tell what fertilizer salt could be used to provide each of the nutrients to a plant. 6. What are ions and what causes them to form? 7. What are cations and how are they labelled? 8. What are anions and how are they named? 9. Why will table salt in the solid form not conduct electricity, while adding table water produces a solution that will conduct electricity? 10. What does it mean that an ionic compound must have a net charge of zero?

Question

1. What are valence electrons? Chemistry - Exam Study Guide 2. What is the valence electron status of the Noble gasses, Alkali metals Alkali earth metals and the Halogens in the Periodic table? 3. If given a chemical formula for a salt, be able to tell what the cations and anions are that make up the salt and how many of each are in a molecule. 4. What is electronegativity? Where are the most electronegative elements found in the Periodic Table? 5. What is meant by Ionic salt fertilizers?Be able to name four plant nutrients and tell what fertilizer salt could be used to provide each of the nutrients to a plant. 6. What are ions and what causes them to form? 7. What are cations and how are they labelled? 8. What are anions and how are they named? 9. Why will table salt in the solid form not conduct electricity, while adding table water produces a solution that will conduct electricity? 10. What does it mean that an ionic compound must have a net charge of zero?

Answer 1

1. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.2. Noble gases have full valence electron shells, so they are stable and unreactive. Alkali metals have one valence electron, which they readily lose to form a +1 cation. Alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons, which they readily lose to form a +2 cation. Halogens have seven valence electrons, and they readily gain one electron to form a -1 anion.3. To determine the cations and anions in a salt, identify the positive and negative ions in the formula. For example, in NaCl, the cation is Na+ and the anion is Cl-. The number of each ion in the molecule is determined by the subscripts in the formula. For example, in CaCl2, there is one Ca2+ cation and two Cl- anions.4. Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. The most electronegative elements are found in the upper right corner of the Periodic Table, including fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine.5. Ionic salt fertilizers are fertilizers that contain salts of essential plant nutrients. Four plant nutrients that can be provided by fertilizer salts are nitrogen (ammonium nitrate), phosphorus (superphosphate), potassium (potassium chloride), and calcium (calcium nitrate).6. Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. They form when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.7. Cations are positively charged ions, and they are labeled with the element's symbol followed by a plus sign. For example, Na+ is a sodium cation.8. Anions are negatively charged ions, and they are named by taking the element's symbol and adding the suffix "-ide." For example, Cl- is a chloride anion.9. Table salt in solid form does not conduct electricity because the ions are held in a fixed position and cannot move. When table salt is dissolved in water, the ions become free to move, allowing the solution to conduct electricity.10. An ionic compound must have a net charge of zero because the total positive charge of the cations must balance the total negative charge of the anions. This ensures that the compound is electrically neutral.

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