11 NATO was created in response to concerns about A. the Soviet Union and Communism B. Italy and Nazism C. Germany and fascism D. Japan and militarism 12 This excerpt is from a Beat Generation writer from the 1950s. Suppose we suddenly wake up and see that what we thought to be this and that, ain't this and that at all? -Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums, 1958 How did Beat Generation writers affect U.S. society in the 1950s and 1960 s? A. They influenced people to accept the world around them. B. They encouraged people to solve political and economic problems. C. They encouraged people to move away from large urban areas. D. They influenced people to reexamine traditional beliefs and values.

## Step1<br />For question 11, we need to understand the historical context of the creation of NATO. NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was established in 1949 during the early years of the Cold War. The primary concern that led to its creation was the expansion of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe and the spread of communism. This was a period marked by heightened tensions between the Western Bloc, led by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc, led by the Soviet Union. The other options (B, C, D) refer to issues that were significant in different periods but were not the primary concerns leading to the formation of NATO.<br /><br />## Step2<br />For question 12, we need to analyze the impact of the Beat Generation writers on U.S. society in the 1950s and 1960s. The Beat Generation was a literary movement that emerged in the 1950s, characterized by a rejection of standard narrative values, the exploration of American and Eastern religions, the rejection of economic materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation. Jack Kerouac, mentioned in the excerpt, was a central figure of this movement. The Beat Generation's influence was significant in challenging traditional beliefs and values, encouraging a more questioning and introspective approach to life. This aligns with option D. The other options (A, B, C) do not accurately reflect the primary impact of the Beat Generation on U.S. society during this period.