READ JING THE SECTION DIRECTIONS In your own words, write the definition of each term. 1. formal organization: 2. bureaucracy: 3. rationality: 4. voluntary association: 5. alienation: 6. oligarchy: 7. iron law of oligarchy:

1. **Formal organization**: A structured group with specific rules and procedures designed to achieve particular goals or tasks efficiently.<br /><br />2. **Bureaucracy**: A system of administration characterized by a hierarchical structure, standardized procedures, and detailed rules and regulations to manage complex organizations.<br /><br />3. **Rationality**: The quality of being based on logic and reason, often involving systematic planning and decision-making to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.<br /><br />4. **Voluntary association**: A group formed by individuals who voluntarily come together to pursue common interests or goals, often without financial compensation.<br /><br />5. **Alienation**: A feeling of disconnection or estrangement from others or one's environment, often resulting from lack of control or meaningful engagement in one's work or social life.<br /><br />6. **Oligarchy**: A form of power structure where a small group of people hold significant control or influence over an organization or society.<br /><br />7. **Iron law of oligarchy**: A theory suggesting that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic they may be at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop oligarchic tendencies, concentrating power in the hands of a few leaders.