1. What was the primary reason Japan refused to surrender in early 1945? a. They believed the Americans would lose interest in the war. b. They were convinced they could win through brutality. c. They were waiting for reinforcements from Germany. d. They wanted to negotiate peace.

The correct answer is b. They were convinced they could win through brutality.<br /><br />In early 1945, Japan refused to surrender primarily because they believed they could continue fighting and potentially win the war through their military strength and the resolve of their soldiers. The Japanese government and military leadership were determined to defend their homeland and maintain their empire, even in the face of overwhelming Allied forces. They were not willing to surrender unconditionally, as they feared the consequences of doing so, including the potential for harsh treatment from the Allies.