In Engelv. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling? A It ruled that the state had an overarching right to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers finding such action permissible under the Tenth Amendment. B It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers finding a clear establishment clause violation. C It balanced the school's interest in providing for an open and peaceful frame of mind for the school day with the interest of the students in not being subjected to the prayer, ultimately ruling for the state. D It rejected the student complaint, as public school students have no free exercise rights in school.

## Step 1<br />The problem is a multiple-choice question related to the Engel v. Vitale case in 1962. The question asks us to identify the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling in this case.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />The Engel v. Vitale case was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official state prayer to be recited in the schools of the State of New York. This decision was based on the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits the establishment of religion.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />The Supreme Court's ruling in this case was based on the principle that the government cannot establish a religion or promote one religion over another. This principle is known as the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />The Supreme Court found that the state's action of compelling students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers was a violation of the Establishment Clause. This is because the state was promoting a specific religious practice, which is not allowed under the First Amendment.