14. In which way is meiosis different from mitosis? A Meiosis produces cells without nuclei. B. Meiosis produces egg and sperm cells C. Chromosomes divide during milosis but not during meiosis. D. Mitosis results in cells with on half the number of chromosomes. Directions: Explain how Meiosis & Crossing Over each increase genetic variation. square square 17. Read the passage below and answer the question. Half of Wendy's chromosomes came from her mother and half from her father. Few of her chromosomes are identical to those of either parent because most of the genes on them have been exchanged with genes on other homologous chromosomes. What process accounts for this? A. Meiosis B. Crossing Over C. Nondisjunction D. Mitosis 18. Read the passage below and answer the question. Reproduction is very significant in the life of any organism. Scientists have observed that single-celled organisms favor asexual reproduction while multicellular organisms tend to favor sexual reproduction. What can be inferred from the observations made by the scientists? A. Multicellular organisms have fewer mutations in their genetic material. B. Multicellular organisms produce large numbers of offspring in very little time. C. Multicellular organisms produce genetically diverse offspring to survive changing environments. D. Multicellular organisms produce genetically identical offspring to survive changing environments

14. The correct answer is B. Meiosis produces egg and sperm cells.<br /><br />Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive organs of an organism. It results in the production of gametes, which are egg and sperm cells. These gametes have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and they are genetically distinct from the parent cell.<br /><br />Meiosis and crossing over increase genetic variation in the following ways:<br /><br />1. Meiosis: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This results in the creation of new combinations of genes on the chromosomes, leading to increased genetic variation.<br /><br />2. Crossing Over: Crossing over occurs during the first division of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA. This process creates new combinations of genes on the chromosomes, which increases genetic diversity.<br /><br />17. The correct answer is B. Crossing Over.<br /><br />The passage describes how Wendy's chromosomes have been exchanged with genes on other homologous chromosomes, resulting in a unique combination of genes. This process is known as crossing over, which occurs during meiosis.<br /><br />18. The correct answer is C. Multicellular organisms produce genetically diverse offspring to survive changing environments.<br /><br />The passage states that scientists have observed that single-celled organisms favor asexual reproduction, while multicellular organisms tend to favor sexual reproduction. This suggests that multicellular organisms produce genetically diverse offspring, which increases their chances of survival in changing environments.