22. Which type of arthritis is characterized by inflammation of the joint's synovial membrane? a. psoriatic arthritis b. fibromyalgia lc. rheumatoid arthritis d. gout

## Step 1<br />The question is asking us to identify the type of arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the joint's synovial membrane. The synovial membrane is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath. Its role is to produce synovial fluid, which is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its superior ability to resist shear forces, synovial fluid is an important lubricant for the joints.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />Let's analyze each option:<br /><br />a. Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs in some people with psoriasis. It can cause joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. However, it is not primarily characterized by inflammation of the joint's synovial membrane.<br /><br />b. Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. It does not involve inflammation of the joint's synovial membrane.<br /><br />c. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet. In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system attacks its own tissue, including the synovium, which is the lining of the membranes that surround the joints. This leads to inflammation and thickening of the synovium, which can damage the cartilage and bone within the joint.<br /><br />d. Gout is a form of arthritis caused by an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream. It leads to sudden and severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in joints, often the joint at the base of the big toe. It does not involve inflammation of the joint's synovial membrane.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Based on the above analysis, the correct answer is rheumatoid arthritis, as it is the type of arthritis characterized by inflammation of the joint's synovial membrane.