Which of the following is NOT a common element of jazz or its earlier forms? A. atonal harmony. B. improvisation C. call and response D. emphasis on syncopated rhythm

## Step 1<br />The question asks us to identify the element that is NOT commonly associated with jazz or its earlier forms. The options provided are atonal harmony, improvisation, call and response, and emphasis on syncopated rhythm.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />Jazz is known for its improvisation, call and response, and syncopated rhythm. These elements are integral to the genre and are commonly found in jazz music.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />However, atonal harmony, which refers to music that lacks a tonal center or key, is not a common element of jazz. Jazz typically uses tonal harmony, which means it has a clear tonal center or key.