This excerpt describes some activities of poltical machines. At the turn of the 20th century, many U.S. citios were run by collections of cell serving political machines. These organizations controlled access to political power by ripping votes, buying people's loyalty-and their ballots. -Burewof Internations/Information Progroms, U.S. Department of State, share americe.go faccessed Octoter 17, 2018 What was one additional way that urben poltical machines "controlled access to political power? (1) By requiring condidates to pass civil service exams By introducing referendum and recall elections C Dy securing Jobs and contracts for supporters (6) By lobbying to introduce literacy tests

## Step 1<br />The problem is asking for an additional method that urban political machines used to control access to political power. The options provided are:<br />1. By requiring candidates to pass civil service exams<br />2. By introducing referendum and recall elections<br />3. By securing jobs and contracts for supporters<br />4. By lobbying to introduce literacy tests<br /><br />## Step 2<br />The first option, requiring candidates to pass civil service exams, is a method of ensuring that candidates are qualified for their positions. This is not a method of controlling political power.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />The second option, introducing referendum and recall elections, is a method of giving citizens the power to vote on certain issues or to remove elected officials. This is not a method of controlling political power.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />The third option, securing jobs and contracts for supporters, is a method of rewarding supporters with jobs and contracts. This is a method of controlling political power because it ensures that those who support the political machine are rewarded and thus more likely to continue supporting it.<br /><br />## Step 5<br />The fourth option, lobbying to introduce literacy tests, is a method of ensuring that voters are literate. This is not a method of controlling political power.