17. List the muscles that make up the quadriceps muscle group and what motions they perform. 18. List common injuries that occur at the foot/ankle, their onset, signs/sy ms, and how they /symptoms are treated. 19. List common injuries that occur at the knee, their onset, signs /symptoms, and how they are treated. 20. List common injuries that occur at the hip, their onset, signs /symptoms, and how they are treated.

17. The quadriceps muscle group consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles are responsible for extending the knee joint, which allows for straightening of the leg.<br /><br />18. Common injuries that occur at the foot/ankle include:<br />- Ankle sprains: These occur when the ankle is twisted or rolled, causing damage to the ligaments. Onset: Sudden twisting or rolling of the ankle. Signs/Symptoms: Swelling, bruising, pain, and difficulty bearing weight. Treatment: Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), and possibly immobilization with a cast or brace.<br />- Plantar fasciitis: This is inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of the foot. Onset: Gradual onset, often associated with increased activity or weight-bearing. Signs/Symptoms: Pain in the heel or arch of the foot, especially with standing or walking. Treatment: Rest, ice, stretching exercises, and possibly orthotics or shoe inserts.<br />- Achilles tendonitis: This is inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. Onset: Gradual onset, often associated with increased activity or overuse. Signs/Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the back of the ankle, especially when standing on tiptoe. Treatment: Rest, ice, stretching exercises, and possibly physical therapy.<br /><br />19. Common injuries that occur at the knee include:<br />- Ligament tears: These can occur when the knee is twisted or bent suddenly, causing damage to the ligaments that connect the bones. Onset: Sudden twisting or bending of the knee. Signs/Symptoms: Swelling, bruising, pain, and instability of the knee. Treatment: Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), and possibly immobilization with a brace or cast.<br />- Meniscus tears: These occur when the meniscus, a cartilage structure in the knee joint, is damaged. Onset: Gradual onset, often associated with twisting or bending of the knee. Signs/Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and stiffness in the knee, especially when twisting or turning the joint. Treatment: Rest, ice, physical therapy, and possibly surgery.<br />- Patellar tendinitis: This is inflammation of the tendon that connects the kneecap to the shin bone. Onset: Gradual onset, often associated with jumping or running activities. Signs/Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the front of the knee, especially when jumping or running. Treatment: Rest, ice, stretching exercises, and possibly physical therapy.<br /><br />20. Common injuries that occur at the hip include:<br />- Hip fractures: These occur when the bone in the upper part of the thigh (femur) breaks. Onset: Sudden, often associated with a fall or trauma. Signs/Symptoms: Severe pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight on the affected leg. Treatment: Immobilization with a cast or brace, and possibly surgery to repair the fracture.<br />- Labral tears: These occur when the labrum, a cartilage structure in the hip joint, is damaged. Onset: Gradual onset, often associated with repetitive movements or overuse. Signs/Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and stiffness in the hip, especially when moving or twisting the joint. Treatment: Rest, ice, physical therapy, and possibly surgery.<br />- Gluteus medius tears: This is a tear in the gluteus medius muscle, which is responsible for hip abduction and stabilization. Onset: Gradual onset, often associated with repetitive movements or overuse. Signs/Symptoms: Pain, weakness, and instability in the hip, especially when standing or walking. Treatment: Rest, ice, physical therapy, and possibly surgery.