Question 51 Reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction: A Pernicious anemia B Iron deficiency anemia C Aplastic anemia D Hemolytic anemia E Thalassemia

The correct answer is:<br /><br />**(D) Hemolytic anemia**<br /><br />### Explanation:<br />Hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed (hemolysis) faster than they can be produced by the bone marrow. This excessive destruction of red blood cells leads to a reduction in their number, causing anemia. Causes of hemolytic anemia can include autoimmune disorders, infections, certain medications, or inherited conditions such as sickle cell disease.<br /><br />Here’s why the other options are incorrect:<br />- **(A) Pernicious anemia**: Caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 due to impaired absorption, often related to a lack of intrinsic factor.<br />- **(B) Iron deficiency anemia**: Results from insufficient iron, which is needed for hemoglobin production.<br />- **(C) Aplastic anemia**: Occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.<br />- **(E) Thalassemia**: A genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin production, leading to anemia, but it is not primarily caused by excessive red cell destruction.<br /><br />Thus, the best match for "reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction" is **hemolytic anemia**.