Which philosopher would criticize the Articles of Confederation for lacking a judicial and executive branch of government? Locke Hobbes Rousseau Montesquieu

## Step 1<br />The question is asking which philosopher would criticize the Articles of Confederation for lacking a judicial and executive branch of government. The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States, and it established a weak central government.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />The philosopher who would criticize the Articles of Confederation for lacking a judicial and executive branch of government is Montesquieu. Montesquieu was a French judge, a man of letters, and a leading political philosopher in the Age of Enlightenment. He is best known for his theory of the separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Montesquieu's theory of the separation of powers involves dividing the government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Each branch would have its own distinct responsibilities and powers, and each would be independent of the other. This separation of powers would prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />The Articles of Confederation did not have a judicial or executive branch, which Montesquieu would criticize. The lack of these branches would mean that there is no system of checks and balances, which could lead to the concentration of power in one branch.