3. Which amendment to the Constitution was central to the Brown v.Board of Education decision? A) First Amendment B) Thirteenth Amendment C) Fourteenth Amendment D) Fifteenth Amendment 4. The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Board of Education was delivered in which year? A) 1896 B) 1954 C) 1964 D) 1973 5. Which of the following best describes the impact of Brown v.Board of Education? - A) It ended all forms of discrimination in the United States. B) It upheld the legality of segregated schools. C) It declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. D) It ruled that states could decide on the legality of segregation. Open-Ended Questions Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Explain the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in the context of American history. 2. Discuss how the Dred Scott decision affected the tensions leading up to the American Civil War. 3. Analyze the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision on the Civil Rights Movement.

3. The correct answer is C) Fourteenth Amendment. The Brown v. Board of Education decision was based on the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law and prohibits discrimination based on race.<br /><br />4. The correct answer is B) 1954. The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education was delivered in 1954, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case.<br /><br />5. The correct answer is C) It declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The Brown v. Board of Education decision declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, paving the way for the desegregation of schools across the United States.<br /><br />Open-Ended Questions:<br /><br />1. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896 was a landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. This decision had a significant impact on American history, as it provided legal justification for the Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation in the South and other parts of the country. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision entrenched the system of racial discrimination and inequality that existed in the United States for decades, denying African Americans equal rights and opportunities.<br /><br />2. The Dred Scott decision in 1857 was a Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not citizens of the United States and therefore had no legal rights. This decision further exacerbated tensions leading up to the American Civil War, as it denied the federal government the power to regulate slavery in the territories and effectively allowed the expansion of slavery. The Dred Scott decision was a major setback for the abolitionist movement and contributed to the growing divide between the North and South over the issue of slavery.<br /><br />3. The Brown v. Board of Education decision had a significant impact on the Civil Rights Movement. By declaring that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, the Supreme Court's ruling provided a legal basis for challenging the Jim Crow laws and other forms of racial discrimination. This decision empowered civil rights activists and organizations to push for desegregation and equal rights for African Americans, leading to the passage of landmark legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Brown v. Board of Education decision was a crucial turning point in the fight for racial equality and justice in the United States.