melody can be characterized by: a. Its range b. Its shape c. The way it moves d. All of the above

The correct answer is d. All of the above.<br /><br />Melody can be characterized by its range, shape, and the way it moves. The range of a melody refers to the span of pitches it covers. The shape of a melody refers to the contour or pattern of the pitches as they rise and fall. The way a melody moves refers to the direction and flow of the pitches, such as ascending, descending, or staying within a certain range.