8. In the new nation of the American republic what document created a federal republic that divided power between the national government and the states? [CH17S3] 9. In pre-revolution France how was the social structure divided and what were the divisions called?[CH18S1]. 10. What was the main reason France suffered severe economic hardship in 1789? [CH18S1] 11. What happened after the Estates-General was called in May of 1789 and a stalemate was reached? [CH18S1] 12. In 1789 France what caused a violent peasant revolt? [CH18S2] 13. In the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen what were all male citizens granted? [CH18S2]. 14. In France's 1791 Constitution what replaced the National Assembly? (CH18S2) 15. Who drove the French Revolution's "Reign of Terror" phase that attempted to take action and crush all opposition to the revolution?[CH18S3] 16. In the Directory who held the most power? [CH18S3]. 17. What move did Napoleon make that marked the beginning of his downfall? [CH18S4] 18. What Scientific Revolution thinker developed the heliocentric or sun-centers model of the universe? [CH13SS] 19. What were Galileo Galile's maior discoveries? [CH13SSI

8. The document that created a federal republic dividing power between the national government and the states in the new nation of the American republic was the Constitution. [CH17S3]<br /><br />9. In pre-revolution France, the social structure was divided into three estates: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate). [CH18S1]<br /><br />10. The main reason France suffered severe economic hardship in 1789 was due to a financial crisis caused by the country's involvement in costly wars and extravagant spending by the monarchy. [CH18S1]<br /><br />11. After the Estates-General was called in May of 1789 and a stalemate was reached, the Third Estate, representing the commoners, declared themselves the National Assembly and vowed to draft a new constitution for France. [CH18S1]<br /><br />12. In 1789 France, the violent peasant revolt, known as the Great Fear, was caused by widespread fear of an aristocratic conspiracy to crush the revolution and restore absolute monarchy. [CH18S2]<br /><br />13. In the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, all male citizens were granted equal rights, freedom of speech and religion, and the right to property. [CH18S2]<br /><br />14. In France's 1791 Constitution, the Legislative Assembly replaced the National Assembly. [CH18S2]<br /><br />15. The French Revolution's "Reign of Terror" phase, which attempted to take action and crush all opposition to the revolution, was driven by Maximilien Robespierre. [CH18S3]<br /><br />16. In the Directory, the most power was held by the five-member executive committee known as the Directors. [CH18S3]<br /><br />17. The move that marked the beginning of Napoleon's downfall was his decision to invade Russia in 1812, which resulted in a disastrous defeat for the French army. [CH18S4]<br /><br />18. The Scientific Revolution thinker who developed the heliocentric or sun-centered model of the universe was Nicolaus Copernicus. [CH13SS]<br /><br />19. Galileo Galilei's major discoveries include the discovery of Jupiter's moons, the phases of Venus, and the observation of sunspots. [CH13SSI]