Which of the following exemplifies the participation paradox? People do not vote because they do not think their vote will have any effect on the election results. The only reason people vote is to keep elected officials from doing whatever they want. People who vote even though they know that their vote probably will not change the outcome of an election. People who have seen many close elections in their lifetime and vote because every vote counts.

The participation paradox refers to the phenomenon where individuals participate in an activity or process despite knowing that their individual contribution is unlikely to have a significant impact on the outcome. In the context of voting, this would be exemplified by:<br /><br />**People who vote even though they know that their vote probably will not change the outcome of an election.**<br /><br />This statement captures the essence of the participation paradox, where individuals engage in voting despite being aware that their single vote is unlikely to influence the final result.