2. Short Answer Questions a) What evidence exists of proto-Berber presence in prehistoric times? b) How did the Egyptians view the Berbers and why? c) Describe the relationship between the Berbers and Carthage. d) What was the significance of Massinissa's alliance with Rome? e) How did Roman rule impact the Berbers?

a) There is evidence of proto-Berber presence in prehistoric times, such as the Iberomaurusian culture, which dates back to the Neolithic period and shows similarities with Berber traditions.<br /><br />b) The Egyptians viewed the Berbers as valuable allies and trading partners. They often interacted with them through trade and sometimes through military campaigns.<br /><br />c) The relationship between the Berbers and Carthage was complex, with periods of cooperation and conflict. Carthage often relied on Berber allies in its wars against Rome.<br /><br />d) Massinissa's alliance with Rome was significant because it helped Rome secure control over North Africa during the Jugurthine Wars. It also allowed Massinissa to consolidate his power and expand his kingdom.<br /><br />e) Roman rule had a significant impact on the Berbers, including the imposition of Roman culture and language, changes in social and economic structures, and the introduction of Roman legal and administrative systems.