3. __ Which of the following could cause a low percent yield? a. Measurement errors b. Impurities in reactants c. Side reactions d-All-of the above

## Step 1<br />The percent yield in a chemical reaction is the ratio of the actual yield (the amount of product that is physically produced) to the theoretical yield (the amount of product that would be produced if the reaction were perfect). <br /><br />## Step 2<br />Measurement errors can lead to a lower percent yield. This is because if the reactants are not measured accurately, the actual yield may be less than the theoretical yield.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Impurities in reactants can also cause a lower percent yield. This is because impurities can react with the reactants, leading to the formation of unwanted products.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />Side reactions can also cause a lower percent yield. This is because side reactions can produce additional products that are not the desired product of the main reaction.<br /><br />## Step 5<br />Therefore, all of the options listed (measurement errors, impurities in reactants, and side reactions) can cause a lower percent yield.