8. More severe illnesses exist among certain Jewish groups Ashkenazi Jews, for example have a particularly high chance of suffering from Tay-Sachs disease, a fatal condition in young children. a. natural selection b. genetic bottleneck c. founder effect 9. During a hike a man accidentally steps on a population of rare beetles that were in the path, leaving just four from the original twenty. a. natural selection b. genetic bottleneck c. founder effect 10. Antibiotic resistance occurs when certain bacteria with a mutation that allows them to survive exposure to antibiotic chemicals live on and reproduce. Quickly, a fully resistant generation develops. a. natural selection b. genetic bottleneck c. founder effect

**8. Correct Answer: c. founder effect** <br />The founder effect occurs when a small group of individuals becomes isolated from a larger population, leading to reduced genetic diversity and an increased prevalence of certain genetic traits or disorders within that group. Ashkenazi Jews are an example of this phenomenon, as their genetic pool was shaped by a small founding population.<br /><br />**9. Correct Answer: b. genetic bottleneck** <br />A genetic bottleneck happens when a significant portion of a population is suddenly eliminated, leaving only a few individuals to repopulate. This reduces genetic variation. In this case, the man stepping on the beetles drastically reduces their population, creating a bottleneck.<br /><br />**10. Correct Answer: a. natural selection** <br />Natural selection occurs when individuals with advantageous traits (such as antibiotic resistance) survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Over time, these traits become more common in the population, as seen with bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics.