TEXT DEPENDENT QUESTIONS 1. Where are the directions to make proteins located? __ 2. What is the central dogma? __ are 3 differences between DNA and RNA? a. b. __ c. __ 4. Describe the process of transcription in your own words. __ 5. Write out the complementary mRNA strand that would pair with the following DNA: T A C G G A T C T A G A mRNA: 6. Why do you think mRNA is called "messenger?" What is its job? __ 7. Describe the process of translation in your own words. __ 8. How many bases make up a codon? __ 9. Suppose an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm had 300 nucleotides. How many amino acids would be in the resulting protein? __ 10. If every cell in your body has identical DNA, then why do cells look different? __ 11. How can genes be turned on and off? __ 12. How is DNA similar to a house blueprint? __

1. The directions to make proteins are located in the DNA.<br />2. The central dogma is the process by which genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.<br />3. Three differences between DNA and RNA are:<br />a. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.<br />b. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose.<br />c. DNA uses the base thymine, while RNA uses the base uracil.<br />4. Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.<br />5. The complementary mRNA strand that would pair with the given DNA sequence would be: AUGCCAGUAGAU.<br />6. mRNA is called "messenger" because it carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs.<br />7. Translation is the process by which the information in an mRNA sequence is used to direct the synthesis of a protein.<br />8. A codon is made up of three bases.<br />9. If an mRNA molecule had 300 nucleotides, there would be 100 codons, and therefore 100 amino acids in the resulting protein.<br />10. Even though every cell in the body has identical DNA, the different genes that are expressed in each cell lead to the different structures and functions of the various cell types.<br />11. Genes can be turned on and off through the regulation of transcription, which controls the amount of mRNA produced from a gene.<br />12. DNA is similar to a house blueprint in that it contains the instructions for building and organizing the various components of a cell, much like a blueprint contains the instructions for building a house.