How has desertification negatively impacted the people of Africa? A. by contributing to significant declines in air quality B. by reducing access to profitable coal reserves C. by reducing the amount of land available for farming D. by contributing to the pollution of limited water supplies

Desertification refers to the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. In the context of Africa, desertification has had a significant impact on the continent's ecosystems and the livelihoods of its people. The options provided in the question relate to the effects of desertification:<br /><br />A. Desertification does not directly contribute to declines in air quality. While it can lead to dust storms that may affect air quality, this is not a primary or direct impact of desertification.<br /><br />B. Desertification does not directly reduce access to coal reserves. Coal reserves are typically found deep underground and are not directly affected by surface-level desertification.<br /><br />C. One of the most significant impacts of desertification in Africa is the reduction of arable land. As fertile land turns into desert, it becomes less suitable for farming. This directly affects the people's ability to grow crops, leading to food insecurity and economic challenges.<br /><br />D. Desertification can lead to water scarcity, but it does not directly contribute to the pollution of water supplies. The scarcity is due to the reduction in water sources, not pollution.<br /><br />Therefore, the most direct and significant impact of desertification in Africa, as listed in the options, is the reduction of land available for farming.