3. Allen is a server at a restaurant and always tries to smile and be pleasant because that seems to lead to bigger tips Allen's smiling and pleasantness are __ by the customers' tips.

## Step 1<br />The problem is asking us to identify the relationship between Allen's smiling and pleasantness and the customers' tips. The sentence suggests that Allen's smiling and pleasantness are influenced by the customers' tips.<br />## Step 2<br />The word that best fits this context is "influenced". This is because the customers' tips are the factor that affects or influences Allen's smiling and pleasantness.