Applications of DNA Fingerprinting 3. Describe a scenario where identifying an individual through the use of DNA fingerprinting would be important. square

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a powerful tool used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. One scenario where identifying an individual through the use of DNA fingerprinting would be important is in a criminal investigation.<br /><br />**Scenario: Solving a Crime**<br /><br />Imagine a situation where a serious crime, such as a burglary or a violent assault, has occurred. The crime scene investigators collect various pieces of evidence, including blood stains, hair strands, or skin cells left behind by the perpetrator. These biological samples contain DNA that can be analyzed.<br /><br />1. **Collection of Evidence:** At the crime scene, forensic experts gather all potential DNA evidence carefully to avoid contamination.<br />2. **DNA Extraction and Profiling:** The collected samples are sent to a forensic laboratory where DNA is extracted from the cells. Using techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis, the DNA is then amplified and analyzed to create a DNA profile.<br />3. **Comparison with Suspects:** The DNA profile obtained from the crime scene is compared with the DNA profiles of potential suspects. If a suspect's DNA matches the DNA found at the crime scene, it provides strong evidence linking the suspect to the crime.<br />4. **Database Search:** In some cases, the DNA profile may be run through a national database (such as CODIS in the United States) to see if it matches any previously recorded profiles. This can help identify repeat offenders or unknown suspects.<br /><br />**Importance:**<br />- **Accuracy:** DNA fingerprinting provides highly accurate identification due to the uniqueness of each individual's DNA.<br />- **Evidence in Court:** A match between the crime scene DNA and a suspect's DNA can serve as compelling evidence in court, helping to secure convictions or exonerate the innocent.<br />- **Cold Cases:** DNA profiling can be used to solve cold cases where new technology allows for the analysis of old evidence, bringing justice to long-unsolved crimes.<br /><br />In summary, DNA fingerprinting is crucial in criminal investigations for accurately identifying perpetrators, providing reliable evidence in legal proceedings, and solving cases that might otherwise remain unresolved.