In Gonzalez v. Raich (2005), the Supreme Court ruled that the commerce clause gave Congress the authority to ban the use of marijuana, despite conflicting state law. In the Court's majority opinion, Associate Justice John Paul Stevens argued that local use of marijuana affected the supply and demand of the national marijuana market. Which prior Supreme Court case could be cited as a precedent for the majority decision in Gonzalezv. Raich (2005)? Choose 1 answer: A McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) B Baker v. Carr (1962) C Shaw v. Reno (1993) D Marbury v. Madison (1803)

## Step 1<br />The problem is asking us to identify a prior Supreme Court case that could serve as a precedent for the majority decision in Gonzalez v. Raich (2005). The majority decision in Gonzalez v. Raich (2005) was based on the commerce clause, which gave Congress the authority to ban the use of marijuana, despite conflicting state law.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />The options provided are McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Baker v. Carr (1962), Shaw v. Reno (1993), and Marbury v. Madison (1803). We need to identify which of these cases is most closely related to the commerce clause and the authority of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is a case that dealt with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress had the power to charter a national bank, even though the power was not explicitly stated in the Constitution. This case established the principle of implied powers, which allows Congress to pass laws necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />Baker v. Carr (1962), Shaw v. Reno (1993), and Marbury v. Madison (1803) do not directly relate to the commerce clause or the authority of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. Therefore, they are not the correct answer.