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Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. It is a dimensionless quantity that is often described on the Pauling scale, which ranges from 0.7 (francium) to 3.98 (fluorine). The concept of electronegativity was introduced by Linus Pauling in 1932 and is used to predict the nature of chemical bonds and the polarity of molecules.