4. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of the following species: a. Cl^35_(1) b. Al C. K^41

To determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of the given species, we need to understand the atomic structure and the notation used in the problem.<br /><br />a. $Cl^{35}_{1}$:<br />In this notation, the subscript (1) represents the atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. The superscript (35) represents the mass number, which is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.<br /><br />So, for $Cl^{35}_{1}$:<br />- Number of protons = 1 (as given by the subscript)<br />- Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 35 - 1 = 34<br />- Number of electrons = Atomic number = 1 (since the atom is neutral)<br /><br />b. Al:<br />The notation for aluminum (Al) is simply the element symbol, without any subscript or superscript. This means that the atomic number is 13 (as aluminum has an atomic number of 13).<br /><br />So, for Al:<br />- Number of protons = 13 (as given by the atomic number)<br />- Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 27 - 13 = 14 (assuming the most common isotope of aluminum, which has a mass number of 27)<br />- Number of electrons = Atomic number = 13 (since the atom is neutral)<br /><br />c. $K^{41}$:<br />In this notation, the superscript (41) represents the mass number, which is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The subscript is not given, but we know that the atomic number of potassium (K) is 19.<br /><br />So, for $K^{41}$:<br />- Number of protons = 19 (as given by the atomic number)<br />- Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 41 - 19 = 22<br />- Number of electrons = Atomic number = 19 (since the atom is neutral)<br /><br />In summary:<br />a. $Cl^{35}_{1}$: 1 proton, 34 neutrons, 1 electron<br />b. Al: 13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons<br />c. $K^{41}$: 19 protons, 22 neutrons, 19 electrons